Thermal stress is a research area that focuses on understanding the effects of temperature on materials and structures, and how these effects can lead to deformation, damage, or failure. This field involves studying the behavior of materials under a range of temperature conditions, and developing models and methods to predict and mitigate thermal stresses. Applications of thermal stress research include the design of heat-resistant materials for high-temperature environments, thermal management in electronic devices, and understanding the effects of temperature fluctuations on structures such as buildings and bridges.